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Yi To (1397–1450), more commonly known as Sejong the Great, was the fourth monarch of the Joseon Dynasty. In his early years, Yi To was granted the titles of Grand Prince and Ch'ungnyŏng, as he was particularly known for his studiousness and astute judgement. These qualities led him to be crowned as heir to the throne in 1418, and he would later ascend the same year, followed by a reign that lasted 32 years. After his succession, Yi To would appoint officials such as Hwang Hŭi and Kim Chongsŏ, while founding the Hall of Worthies to gather scholars. He pushed for major reforms in political ceremony, legal systems, medicine, and agriculture, such as by compiling the Nongsa chiksŏl ("Straight Talk on Agriculture") based on local experience; he was also a great advocate for the scientific development of astronomical instruments, movable type, and rain gauges. Most notably, he penned the Hunminjeongeum ("Correct Sounds for the Instruction of the People"), which greatly reduced barriers of literacy and serves as the foundation of modern Korean today. In military affairs, Yi To launched campaigns against the Japanese pirates of Tsushima Island in the south, and strengthened control over the Tumen and Yalu rivers via military bases in the north. Yi To died of illness in 1450. His reign is marked by major systemic reforms, improved living conditions for the people, and a flourishing of culture. Having paved a path of stability and prosperity for the early Joseon Dynasty, he is rightfully referred to by many as "Sejong the Great."
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Sejong the Great
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